Peptide Antibiotics Market – Global Industry Size, Share, Trends, Opportunity, and Forecast, 2018-2028 Segmented by Type (Non-Ribosomal Synthesized Peptide Antibiotics, Ribosomal Synthesized Peptide Antibiotics), by Route of Administration (Injectable, Oral, Topical), by Distribution Channel (Hospital Pharmacy, Online Pharmacy & Retail Pharmacy), by region, and Competition

Market Overview

Global Peptide Antibiotics Market has valued at USD 4.90 billion in 2022 and is anticipated to witness an impressive growth in the forecast period with a CAGR of 6.35% through 2028. Peptide antibiotics are a class of antimicrobial compounds that are made up of short chains of amino acids, the building blocks of proteins. These peptides can inhibit the growth and reproduction of bacteria and other microorganisms, making them effective in the treatment of various infectious diseases. Peptide antibiotics are distinct from traditional small-molecule antibiotics in that they are composed of larger, protein-like molecules. Peptide antibiotics consist of relatively short chains of amino acids, typically ranging from a few to several dozen amino acid residues. These peptides can be linear or cyclic in structure. Peptide antibiotics exert their antimicrobial effects through a variety of mechanisms. Some disrupt the bacterial cell membrane, causing it to rupture. Others interfere with essential cellular processes, such as protein synthesis, DNA replication, or cell wall synthesis. The diversity of mechanisms makes it challenging for bacteria to develop resistance.

Peptide antibiotics can have broad-spectrum activity, meaning they are effective against a wide range of bacterial species, or narrow-spectrum activity, targeting specific types of bacteria. The specificity of action can vary among different peptide antibiotics. The increasing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria is a significant driver for the development and use of peptide antibiotics. These antibiotics often have unique mechanisms of action that can overcome resistance. The aging population is more susceptible to infections, making the development and use of effective antibiotics crucial. Peptide antibiotics can be particularly useful in this context. Technological advances in peptide synthesis have made it more cost-effective and efficient to produce peptide antibiotics, contributing to market growth. Healthcare institutions are implementing antibiotic stewardship programs to optimize the use of antibiotics, ensuring they are used responsibly and judiciously. Surgical procedures often require prophylactic antibiotic use to prevent postoperative infections, creating demand for effective antibiotics, including peptide antibiotics.

Key Market Drivers

Advancements in Peptide Synthesis

 Solid-phase peptide synthesis revolutionized peptide production. It allows peptides to be built on a solid support, simplifying purification, and enabling automation. The development of resin and linker technologies has improved the speed and efficiency of SPPS. Automation of peptide synthesis has become standard in many laboratories and production facilities. Automated synthesizers enable precise control of reaction conditions and the synthesis of complex peptides. The introduction of Fmoc (9-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl) and Boc (tert-butyloxycarbonyl) protecting groups has made peptide synthesis more versatile and efficient. Fmoc-based SPPS is now the most widely used method due to its compatibility with automated synthesis and milder deprotection conditions.

Advances in peptide assembly strategies, such as one-pot or multi-segment synthesis, have simplified the synthesis of long or complex peptides. The development of orthogonal protecting groups allows for the selective deprotection of specific functional groups, enhancing the synthesis of challenging peptides. Continuous-flow peptide synthesis systems have emerged, enabling rapid and efficient peptide production. Flow chemistry offers precise control over reaction conditions and can be easily scaled up for large-scale synthesis. Methods like native chemical ligation and expressed protein ligation enable the synthesis of longer and more complex peptides and even protein fragments. These techniques have been crucial in producing larger therapeutic peptides. High-throughput screening of peptide libraries on solid supports has accelerated drug discovery by identifying lead compounds more efficiently. Advances in chromatography and mass spectrometry techniques have improved the purification and characterization of synthetic peptides. Techniques for conjugating peptides to other molecules, such as lipids, proteins, or nanoparticles, have expanded the applications of peptides in drug delivery and diagnostics. Cyclization of peptides through various strategies, such as disulfide bond formation or stapling, enhances their stability and bioactivity. This factor will help in the development of the Global Peptide Antibiotics Market.

Antibiotic resistance occurs when bacteria develop mechanisms to withstand the effects of antibiotics, rendering these drugs less effective or completely ineffective in treating bacterial infections. This global health crisis has created a pressing need for new and innovative antibiotics. Peptide antibiotics often have novel mechanisms of action that are distinct from traditional antibiotics. These mechanisms can make it difficult for bacteria to develop resistance quickly, making peptide antibiotics valuable in the fight against drug-resistant strains. Some peptide antibiotics exhibit a broad spectrum of activity, meaning they can target a wide range of bacterial pathogens. This versatility is essential when dealing with infections caused by various resistant bacteria. Peptide antibiotics are less likely to face cross-resistance with existing antibiotics. Bacterial resistance mechanisms that work against conventional antibiotics may not be effective against peptides. Peptide antibiotics can target multiple essential bacterial functions simultaneously, making it challenging for bacteria to develop resistance through single mutations. Peptide antibiotics often have high specificity for bacterial cells, minimizing collateral damage to human cells and reducing the risk of side effects.

Researchers can explore combination therapies that involve peptide antibiotics and traditional antibiotics to enhance efficacy and reduce the likelihood of resistance. Some peptide antibiotics have demonstrated clinical effectiveness in treating drug-resistant infections, reinforcing their value in clinical practice. Ongoing research efforts are focused on discovering new peptide antibiotics with improved properties, including enhanced potency, stability, and reduced toxicity. Healthcare institutions are implementing antibiotic stewardship programs to ensure responsible antibiotic use, including the use of newer antibiotics like peptide antibiotics when needed. The emergence of global health threats, such as pandemics, has highlighted the importance of effective antibiotics, including peptide antibiotics, to treat secondary bacterial infections. Regulatory agencies have shown willingness to streamline the approval process for novel antibiotics, recognizing the urgent need for effective treatments against resistant infections. The demand for antibiotics, especially those effective against resistant pathogens, remains high in clinical settings, contributing to the market demand for peptide antibiotics. This factor will pace up the demand of the Global Peptide Antibiotics Market.

Growing Geriatric Population

Aging is often accompanied by a weakened immune system, making older adults more vulnerable to infections. They are at higher risk for bacterial infections such as pneumonia, urinary tract infections, and skin infections, which may require antibiotic treatment, including peptide antibiotics. Many older adults have one or more chronic health conditions, such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, or respiratory disorders. These conditions can increase the risk of infections, and antibiotics may be needed to manage or treat infections associated with these diseases. Older adults residing in long-term care facilities or nursing homes may be at higher risk for healthcare-associated infections. Peptide antibiotics can be important for treating and preventing infections in this vulnerable population. Older adults may undergo surgeries to address age-related health issues, and postoperative infections are a concern. Antibiotics, including peptide antibiotics, may be used prophylactically or therapeutically in these cases.

Older adults often have complex healthcare needs, including multiple medications and comorbidities. This complexity can increase the risk of drug interactions and necessitate the use of antibiotics for infections. Respiratory infections, such as pneumonia and bronchitis, are common among older adults and may require antibiotic treatment. Some peptide antibiotics have demonstrated effectiveness against respiratory pathogens. Frail older adults are more likely to experience hospitalizations, where they may be exposed to antibiotic-resistant pathogens. Effective antibiotics, such as peptide antibiotics, are essential in managing these infections. Due to the risk of adverse effects and drug interactions, it's crucial to use antibiotics judiciously in older adults. Peptide antibiotics with specific mechanisms of action may be preferred to minimize potential side effects. Researchers are increasingly studying the safety and efficacy of antibiotics, including peptide antibiotics, in geriatric populations to ensure appropriate dosing and treatment guidelines. As life expectancy increases, more people are reaching an age where they may require antibiotic treatment for various infections, further contributing to the demand for antibiotics. This factor will accelerate the demand of the Global Peptide Antibiotics Market.

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Key Market Challenges

High Development Costs

The development of a peptide antibiotic begins with extensive research to identify promising compounds and their mechanisms of action. Preclinical testing involves in vitro and animal studies to assess safety and efficacy. These early stages require substantial funding for research personnel, laboratory facilities, and animal care. Clinical trials are a crucial step in the development process. They involve rigorous testing in human subjects to evaluate safety and effectiveness. Clinical trials are divided into phases, with each phase adding to the overall cost. Phase III trials, which involve large patient populations, can be especially expensive. Meeting regulatory requirements set by agencies such as the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medicines Agency (EMA) is a costly and time-consuming process. Developers must conduct studies and gather extensive data to demonstrate safety and efficacy, as well as meet quality standards. Scaling up the production of peptide antibiotics for clinical trials and eventual commercialization is a significant expense. Maintaining consistent quality and purity during large-scale manufacturing is crucial and adds to the cost. Stringent quality control and assurance processes are essential to ensure that peptide antibiotics meet safety and efficacy standards. These processes require investment in specialized personnel, equipment, and infrastructure. Securing and maintaining patents for new peptide antibiotics can be expensive and is crucial for protecting investments in research and development. Clinical support, including monitoring patient safety and collecting data, adds to the cost of clinical trials. Ongoing monitoring is essential to ensure the product's safety profile and efficacy.

Limited Target Spectrum

Many peptide antibiotics are effective against a specific subset of bacteria or a particular type of infection. This limited target spectrum means that they may not be suitable for treating a broad range of bacterial infections, including those caused by bacteria outside their target range. In clinical practice, it can be challenging for healthcare providers to determine the exact bacterial pathogen causing an infection. If a peptide antibiotic has a narrow target spectrum, it may not cover the specific pathogen responsible for the infection, leading to treatment failure. Healthcare providers must accurately diagnose the infecting bacteria to choose the most appropriate antibiotic. The limited target spectrum of peptide antibiotics may lead to their inappropriate use in cases where they are not effective, contributing to the development of resistance. To address the challenge of a narrow target spectrum, peptide antibiotics may need to be used in combination with other antibiotics. This can increase the complexity of treatment regimens and the risk of adverse effects. Peptide antibiotics with a narrow spectrum may have limited clinical applications, particularly in settings where a broader spectrum antibiotic may be preferred due to diagnostic uncertainties or the potential for mixed infections. The peptide antibiotics market faces competition from other antibiotics, some of which have broader spectra of activity. This competition can affect the adoption of peptide antibiotics, particularly when selecting treatment options.

Key Market Trends

Growing Awareness of Antimicrobial Peptides (AMPs)

AMPs are naturally occurring molecules found in various organisms, including humans, animals, plants, and microorganisms. Their diversity in sources presents opportunities for the discovery of new AMPs with unique properties. AMPs typically exhibit a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity, meaning they can target a wide range of bacteria, fungi, viruses, and even parasites. This versatility is valuable in combating various infectious agents. AMPs have mechanisms of action that differ from traditional antibiotics, making it challenging for microorganisms to develop resistance quickly. This is particularly important in the context of rising antibiotic resistance. Some AMPs possess immunomodulatory functions, including the ability to modulate the host's immune response. This feature can be beneficial in managing infections and inflammation. AMPs can be used in combination with traditional antibiotics to enhance their effectiveness and reduce the risk of resistance. This approach is being explored in the treatment of multidrug-resistant infections. Certain AMPs have wound-healing properties, promoting tissue repair and regeneration. They are used in various medical applications, including wound dressings and skincare products. Pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies are investing in the development and commercialization of AMP-based therapies, which is driving further awareness and interest in this field. In some cases, AMPs are considered an alternative to traditional antibiotics, especially when treating infections caused by multidrug-resistant or difficult-to-treat pathogens.

Segmental Insights

Type Insights

In 2022, the Global Peptide Antibiotics Market largest share was held by non-ribosomal synthesized peptide antibiotics segment and is predicted to continue expanding over the coming years.  Non-ribosomal synthesized peptide antibiotics often have unique mechanisms of action that make them effective against a broad spectrum of bacteria, including antibiotic-resistant strains. This versatility can contribute to their popularity and market share. Some non-ribosomal synthesized peptide antibiotics have demonstrated high clinical efficacy in treating challenging bacterial infections, leading to their widespread use and adoption. Non-ribosomal synthesized peptide antibiotics may be less susceptible to certain resistance mechanisms that affect traditional antibiotics, making them valuable in the context of increasing antibiotic resistance. Certain non-ribosomal synthesized peptide antibiotics are used in specialized medical settings, such as the treatment of specific infections in healthcare settings or immunocompromised patients. This can drive demand for these products.

Route of Administration Insights

In 2022, the Global Peptide Antibiotics Market largest share was held by injectable route of administration segment and is predicted to continue expanding over the coming years.  Injectable formulations of peptide antibiotics are often chosen because they offer a reliable and efficient way to deliver the medication directly into the bloodstream. This ensures rapid and consistent drug absorption, making them highly effective in treating serious bacterial infections. Peptide antibiotics are frequently used to treat severe and life-threatening infections, such as sepsis, pneumonia, and certain types of skin and soft tissue infections. In such cases, injectable formulations are preferred to ensure immediate therapeutic action. Hospitals and healthcare facilities often administer injectable medications due to the controlled environment and the ability to closely monitor patients. This is especially important when dealing with critically ill patients who require prompt treatment.

Distribution Channel Insights

In 2022, the Global Peptide Antibiotics Market largest share was held by hospital pharmacies segment in the forecast period and is predicted to continue expanding over the coming years. Peptide antibiotics are often used to treat serious and life-threatening infections, which frequently require hospitalization. Hospital pharmacies play a crucial role in supplying and managing the distribution of these medications within healthcare facilities. Hospitals typically stock a wide range of medications, including specialized antibiotics like peptide antibiotics, to meet the needs of their patients. Hospital pharmacies are well-equipped to store and dispense these medications safely and efficiently. Many peptide antibiotics are administered intravenously, which is common in hospital settings. Hospital pharmacies are responsible for compounding and preparing IV formulations of these antibiotics, ensuring accurate dosing and sterility.

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Regional Insights

The North America region dominates the Global Peptide Antibiotics Market in 2022. North America, particularly the United States, has historically had one of the highest healthcare expenditure levels globally. This substantial healthcare spending supports research and development, manufacturing, and distribution of pharmaceuticals, including peptide antibiotics. The region boasts a well-developed healthcare infrastructure, including world-class hospitals, research institutions, and pharmaceutical companies. This infrastructure facilitates the development, production, and distribution of pharmaceutical products. North America is a hub for pharmaceutical research and innovation. It is home to numerous biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies that invest heavily in developing novel medications, including peptide antibiotics.

Recent Developments

• In July 2022, the leaders in in vitro diagnostics, bioMérieux and Boehringer Ingelheim, as well as Evotec SE, declared that they have formed a joint venture to develop the next generation of antibiotics and useful diagnostics to combat antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The emerging business, Aurobac Therapeutics SAS, will integrate the greatest competencies of the three founding businesses to create a novel precision medicine strategy that covers the whole therapeutic spectrum. The goal is to defeat AMR, a significant public health problem, in the struggle. AMR will make it more difficult to treat complications from common conditions like diabetes and accidents or wounds as well as make routine surgeries like caesarean sections and hip replacements potentially fatal.
• In September 2021, to produce Daptomycin for injection to treat severe bacterial infections, such as skin and soft tissue infections, bloodstream infections, and endocarditis, AuroMedics Pharma LLC stated that it has gained permission from the USFDA. Under the trade name Cubicin, daptomycin is a lipopeptide antibiotic that is given intravenously. It displaces the bacterial cell membrane to function. Gramicidin, which is often created in conjunction with other antibiotics, shares the similar mechanism. With the caveat that oral use of this medication may be harmful, it is an antibacterial agent for the topical treatment of skin infections. This medication has a significant deal of potential as a treatment for renal cell carcinoma, the most frequent kind of kidney cancer in people, according to in vitro and in vivo research.

Key Market Players

• Pfizer Inc.
• Merck & Co., Inc.
• AbbVie Inc
• GSK Group of Companies
• Sandoz International GmbH
• Novartis AG
• Xellia Pharmaceuticals
• Novartis AG
• Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd.
• AuroMedics Pharma LLC

Report Scope:

In this report, the Global Peptide Antibiotics Market has been segmented into the following categories, in addition to the industry trends which have also been detailed below:

•   Peptide Antibiotics Market, By Type:

o   Non-Ribosomal Synthesized Peptide Antibiotics

o   Ribosomal Synthesized Peptide Antibiotics

• Peptide Antibiotics Market, By Route of Administration:

o   Injectable

o   Oral

o    Topical

•   Peptide Antibiotics Market, By Distribution Channel:

o   Hospital Pharmacies

o   Online Pharmacies

o   Retail Pharmacies

• Global Peptide Antibiotics Market, By region:

o   North America

§  United States

§  Canada

§  Mexico

o   Asia-Pacific

§  China

§  India

§  South Korea

§  Australia

§  Japan

o   Europe

§  Germany

§  France

§  United Kingdom

§  Spain

§  Italy

o   South America

§  Brazil

§  Argentina

§  Colombia

o   Middle East & Africa

§  South Africa

§  Saudi Arabia

§  UAE

Competitive Landscape

Company Profiles: Detailed analysis of the major companies present in the Global Peptide Antibiotics Market.

Available Customizations:

Global Peptide Antibiotics Market report with the given market data, TechSci Research offers customizations according to a company's specific needs. The following customization options are available for the report:

Company Information

• Detailed analysis and profiling of additional market players (up to five).

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