Forecast
Period
|
2026-2030
|
Market
Size (2024)
|
USD
2.38 Billion
|
Market
Size (2030)
|
USD
3.56 Billion
|
CAGR
(2025-2030)
|
6.90%
|
Fastest
Growing Segment
|
Diagnostics
|
Largest
Market
|
North
America
|
Market Overview
Global Immunohistochemistry
market was valued at USD 2.38 Billion in 2024 and is expected to reach USD 3.56
Billion by 2030 with a CAGR of 6.90%. The global Immunohistochemistry market is
undergoing substantial growth, fueled by key drivers such as technological
innovation, increasing demand for consumer-driven healthcare, the rising
incidence of chronic diseases, and a growing focus on preventive care. Immunohistochemistry
products ranging from blood tests and pregnancy kits to glucose monitors and
allergy testing solutions are progressively becoming integral tools for
individuals managing their own health. These devices enable users to monitor a
variety of health parameters independently, eliminating the need for clinical
visits and empowering consumers to take control of their health.
The market's
growth trajectory remains robust, underpinned by advancements in diagnostic
technologies, heightened consumer health consciousness, and a shift toward more
affordable, accessible, and personalized health solutions. As these Immunohistochemistry
products become increasingly central to health management strategies, the
market is expected to continue expanding. Regulatory support and ongoing
innovations in diagnostics further enhance the market's potential, positioning
the Immunohistochemistry segment as a lucrative opportunity for stakeholders in
the healthcare and diagnostics industries.
Key Market Drivers
Rising Incidence of Chronic
and Infectious Diseases
The
global surge in chronic and infectious diseases has become one of the most
significant demand drivers for the Immunohistochemistry (IHC) market. This
trend is not only reshaping diagnostic approaches but also creating sustained
growth opportunities for IHC-related products and services across healthcare
systems worldwide. Chronic diseases represent the primary driver of global
mortality and long-term disability, exerting substantial pressure on healthcare
systems and economies. In 2020, these conditions such as cancer, cardiovascular
disease, and diabetes were responsible for or contributed to 79% of all deaths
worldwide. This figure is expected to rise to 84% by 2030, underscoring the
urgent need for advanced diagnostic and therapeutic solutions, particularly in
high-burden regions and aging populations. As the prevalence of chronic
diseases particularly cancer, cardiovascular disorders, diabetes, and
autoimmune conditions continues to rise globally, the need for precise,
tissue-based diagnostic techniques has become critical. Immunohistochemistry,
which allows for the detection of specific antigens in cells of a tissue
section using labeled antibodies, is widely regarded as a gold-standard
diagnostic tool, particularly in oncology. The technique aids in tumor
classification, grading, and staging, directly influencing treatment decisions.
In oncology, IHC is essential in detecting biomarkers such as HER2, Ki-67, and
PD-L1, which guide targeted therapy. In autoimmune diseases, IHC helps identify
inflammatory markers and immune cell infiltration patterns.
Malaria
continues to pose a critical public health challenge, with approximately 249
million cases and over 608,000 deaths reported annually, disproportionately
affecting children under the age of five in sub-Saharan Africa. Dengue presents
an equally pressing concern, placing over 3.9 billion people globally at risk.
The disease leads to millions of infections and thousands of fatalities each
year, particularly in densely populated urban regions across Asia and Latin
America. With the
re-emergence and evolution of infectious diseases (e.g., tuberculosis, HIV,
hepatitis, and most recently, COVID-19), there is growing interest in applying
IHC techniques to pathogen detection and tissue-based immune response analysis.
IHC is particularly useful in understanding the histopathological impact of
viruses and bacteria on human tissues, which plays a crucial role in research
and case-specific diagnosis, especially in post-mortem and advanced-stage
analyses. This has been further amplified by the COVID-19 pandemic,
which increased awareness of tissue-based diagnostic tools to study viral
impact at the cellular level, thereby expanding the IHC use case beyond
traditional cancer diagnostics. The World Health Organization (WHO) projects
that non-communicable diseases (NCDs) will account for nearly 75% of all deaths
by 2030. This projection is influencing both public and private healthcare
institutions to adopt early and accurate diagnostic frameworks, where IHC plays
a vital role. Simultaneously, growing healthcare spending especially in
emerging economies is increasing access to sophisticated diagnostic platforms.
Growth in Geriatric Population
The
steady and substantial increase in the global geriatric population is a
significant driver propelling the growth of the Immunohistochemistry (IHC)
market. This demographic shift is influencing healthcare priorities,
diagnostics demand, and research focus areas where IHC plays a critical and
expanding role. By 2050, the global population aged 65 and above is expected
to more than double, reaching approximately 1.6 billion, while the 80+ age
segment will expand at an even faster rate. This accelerated aging trend is set
to reshape healthcare demand, workforce dynamics, and public spending, placing
considerable pressure on national healthcare infrastructures and long-term care
systems particularly in developed and rapidly urbanizing economies. As individuals age, they become increasingly
susceptible to chronic and degenerative diseases, including: Cancers (e.g.,
prostate, breast, colorectal), Neurodegenerative disorders (e.g., Alzheimer’s
and Parkinson’s), Autoimmune and metabolic diseases, Infectious diseases, due
to weakened immune responses. The geriatric population, therefore, requires
more frequent and in-depth diagnostic evaluations, particularly those that can
analyze disease at the cellular and molecular levels. Immunohistochemistry
offers this precision by identifying biomarkers and pathological changes in
tissues, making it indispensable in geriatric care.
Cancer
prevalence rises significantly with age. For example, studies indicate that
over 60% of cancer diagnoses occur in individuals aged 65 and above. IHC plays
a vital role in cancer detection, classification, and treatment planning,
especially in older patients where accurate diagnosis is crucial for selecting
less aggressive or more personalized therapies. IHC enables: Detection of
prognostic and predictive biomarkers (e.g., HER2, ER/PR, PD-L1), Assessment of
tumor aggressiveness, Guidance in targeted therapy decisions, This positions
IHC as a frontline diagnostic solution in oncology care for the aging
population. The aging population has led to a global rise in neurological
conditions such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease. IHC is extensively used
in brain tissue analysis to study the progression of these disorders by
identifying protein accumulations (e.g., beta-amyloid plaques, tau proteins).
As research and diagnostic efforts intensify in this area, demand for IHC-based
techniques continues to grow. Older adults tend to access healthcare services
more frequently and require comprehensive diagnostic workups. As a result,
hospitals and diagnostic labs are expanding their capacity to accommodate the
needs of this demographic. The integration of IHC into routine pathology
testing for elderly patients enhances diagnostic accuracy and supports better
clinical decision-making.

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Key Market Challenges
High Cost of Instruments and
Reagents
Despite
the growing demand for immunohistochemistry in clinical diagnostics and
pharmaceutical research, the high capital and operational costs associated with
IHC instruments and reagents remain a significant barrier to market expansion,
particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Advanced IHC
systems—including automated slide stainers, image analyzers, and digital
pathology platforms require substantial upfront investment.
Recurrent
costs of high-quality primary and secondary antibodies, detection kits, and
substrate reagents are also high, especially for multiplexed or customized
panels. Smaller pathology labs and diagnostic centers in emerging markets often
lack the budget or funding mechanisms to acquire and maintain these systems,
limiting the adoption of IHC technology. This cost barrier not only restricts
market penetration in cost-sensitive regions but also slows down lab
modernization in under-resourced healthcare systems.
Shortage of Skilled
Pathologists and Technicians
Immunohistochemistry
is a technically complex technique that demands a high level of precision in
both execution and interpretation. A persistent shortage of trained
pathologists, lab technicians, and IHC specialists poses a serious challenge to
both diagnostic accuracy and scalability. Manual interpretation of IHC slides
still plays a crucial role in many settings, and inter-observer variability can
lead to diagnostic inconsistencies. The lack of expertise in reagent handling,
tissue preparation, staining protocols, and quality control frequently results
in technical errors, reducing the reliability of test results.
In
many developing countries, there is a significant talent gap in pathology and
histotechnology, which limits the effective utilization of IHC even when
infrastructure is available. This human capital bottleneck limits market growth
by impacting the quality, consistency, and confidence in IHC diagnostics.
Key Market Trends
Integration of Digital
Pathology and Artificial Intelligence (AI) with IHC
The
convergence of immunohistochemistry with digital pathology and AI-driven image
analysis is redefining how tissue diagnostics are performed and interpreted.
This trend is not only enhancing diagnostic accuracy but also improving
scalability, standardization, and workflow efficiency. Digital slide scanners
now allow high-resolution imaging of IHC-stained tissue, enabling remote
diagnosis, archiving, and secondary consultations. AI algorithms are being
developed to automatically quantify biomarker expression, such as HER2 or
PD-L1, minimizing subjectivity and variability in interpretation.
AI-assisted
platforms are accelerating the turnaround time for high-volume labs and
facilitating telepathology, especially in resource-constrained or rural areas. This
trend is transforming IHC from a manual, pathologist-driven technique to a more
automated, data-driven process, making it attractive to both clinical and
research sectors and opening up opportunities for scalable global adoption.
Rise of Companion Diagnostics
and Personalized Medicine
The
global shift toward personalized and precision medicine is driving increased
demand for companion diagnostics (CDx)—many of which are based on IHC
techniques. Pharmaceutical companies are increasingly co-developing IHC-based
CDx assays alongside targeted therapies to determine patient eligibility (e.g.,
PD-L1 testing for immunotherapies). Regulatory bodies like the FDA and EMA are
granting approval for therapies conditional upon IHC testing, embedding IHC
into clinical decision-making workflows.
As
more biomarker-driven therapies enter the market, the need for validated,
tissue-based diagnostics will grow, making IHC a strategic tool in oncology,
immunology, and neurology pipelines. This evolution is positioning IHC as a
critical enabler of drug development and commercialization, ensuring continued
growth from both diagnostic and pharmaceutical sectors.
Segmental Insights
Application Insights
Based
on the category of Application, the Diagnostics segment emerged as the fastest
growing in the market for Immunohistochemistry in 2024. The most significant
driver of growth in the diagnostics segment is the increasing use of IHC in
oncology diagnostics. IHC has become a gold standard for identifying,
subtyping, and staging cancers by detecting tumor-specific antigens in tissue
samples. Commonly used markers such as HER2, ER, PR, and Ki-67 are critical for
breast cancer classification and therapy selection. Biomarker-based IHC tests
are now clinically required prior to initiating targeted therapies (e.g., PD-L1
expression for immunotherapy eligibility). As more targeted and immunotherapies
enter the global market, the demand for companion IHC diagnostics is growing
sharply, particularly in breast, lung, colorectal, and prostate cancers.
Beyond
cancer, IHC is increasingly utilized to detect infectious agents and analyze
autoimmune conditions where traditional diagnostics may fall short. In
infectious disease pathology, IHC enables localization of pathogens such as
tuberculosis bacilli, viral antigens (e.g., in CMV or COVID-19), and fungal
elements within tissue. In autoimmune conditions, such as lupus nephritis or
inflammatory bowel disease, IHC helps in identifying inflammatory markers and
tissue responses, guiding treatment decisions. This broadening clinical
application is contributing to a wider adoption of IHC in hospital labs,
infectious disease departments, and specialized diagnostic centers. These
factors contribute to the growth of this segment.
Product Insights
Based
on the category of Product, the Antibodies segment emerged as the dominating
segment in the market for Immunohistochemistry in 2024. Antibodies are the core biological
agents that enable immunohistochemistry to selectively bind to specific
antigens within tissue samples. Without high-quality antibodies, the entire IHC
process is rendered ineffective. Primary antibodies recognize and attach to
target proteins or biomarkers, which form the basis for disease diagnosis and
research. Secondary antibodies and detection systems amplify the signal,
ensuring visualization and quantification of target molecules. The precision,
sensitivity, and specificity of antibodies directly impact the accuracy and
reliability of IHC results, making them indispensable components in every IHC
test.
The
expanding catalog of clinically relevant biomarkers especially in oncology,
immunology, and neuroscience fuels growing demand for diverse, highly specific
antibodies. Novel targets such as PD-L1, HER2, CD markers, and
neurodegenerative proteins require tailor-made antibodies validated for IHC
applications. The pharmaceutical industry’s emphasis on companion diagnostics
and targeted therapies continuously introduces new antibody requirements for
assay development and clinical trials. This dynamic pipeline of biomarker
discovery sustains demand for antibodies as ever-expanding tools for diagnostic
and translational research.

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Regional Insights
North
America emerged as the largest market in the global Immunohistochemistry market
in 2024, holding the largest market share in terms of value. North America
benefits from a highly developed healthcare ecosystem equipped with
state-of-the-art diagnostic laboratories and pathology centers, enabling
widespread adoption of sophisticated IHC technologies. Leading hospitals and
diagnostic centers routinely integrate IHC into standard-of-care protocols,
particularly for cancer diagnosis and subtyping. Automated IHC platforms and
digital pathology solutions are widely deployed, facilitating high-throughput
testing and enhanced diagnostic accuracy. The region’s healthcare providers
prioritize precision medicine, driving routine use of IHC assays for
personalized therapeutic decisions. This readiness to adopt cutting-edge
diagnostic tools contributes to North America’s market leadership.
North
America hosts the world’s largest concentration of pharmaceutical and biotech
companies, which heavily invest in immunohistochemistry as a key tool in drug
development and companion diagnostics. The region is a global hub for biomarker
discovery, validation, and clinical trials, which rely extensively on IHC
techniques. Collaboration between diagnostic companies and pharma firms
accelerates the development of IHC-based companion diagnostics, further
expanding market demand. Venture capital and public funding aggressively
support innovation in IHC reagent development, instrumentation, and digital
pathology integration. This thriving life sciences ecosystem fuels continual
growth in IHC product consumption and innovation.
Recent Developments
- In
May 2025, AbbVie announced that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has
granted accelerated approval to EMRELIS™ (telisotuzumab vedotin-tllv) for the
treatment of adult patients with locally advanced or metastatic non-squamous
non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) exhibiting high c-Met protein
overexpression. This indication applies to patients who have previously
undergone systemic therapy. High c-Met overexpression is defined as strong (3+)
staining in at least 50% of tumor cells, as determined by an FDA-approved
diagnostic assay.
- In
April 2025, Roche announced that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
has awarded Breakthrough Device Designation to the VENTANA® TROP2 (EPR20043)
RxDx Device. Notably, this marks the FDA’s first-ever Breakthrough Device
Designation granted to a computational pathology companion diagnostic (CDx)
device, underscoring Roche’s leadership in innovative diagnostic technologies.
Key Market Players
- Thermo
Fisher Scientific Inc
- F. Hoffmann-La
Roche Ltd.
- Merck KGaA
- Danaher Corporation
- PerkinElmer U.S. LLC
- Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc.
- Cell Signaling Technology, Inc.
- Bio SB
- Agilent Technologies, Inc.
- Abcam Limited
By
Product
|
By
Application
|
By
End User
|
By
Region
|
- Antibodies
- Equipment
- Reagents
- Kits
|
- Diagnostics
- Cancer
- Infectious
Diseases
- Cardiovascular
Diseases
- Autoimmune
Diseases
- Diabetes
Mellitus
- Nephrological
Diseases
- Research
|
- Hospitals
& Diagnostic Laboratories
- Research
Institutes
- Others
|
- North
America
- Europe
- Asia
Pacific
- South
America
- Middle
East & Africa
|
Report Scope:
In this report, the Global Immunohistochemistry
Market has been segmented into the following categories, in addition to the
industry trends which have also been detailed below:
- Immunohistochemistry Market, By Product:
o Antibodies
o Equipment
o Reagents
o Kits
- Immunohistochemistry Market, By Application:
o Diagnostics
o Cancer
o Infectious Diseases
o Cardiovascular Diseases
o Autoimmune Diseases
o Diabetes Mellitus
o Nephrological Diseases
o Research
- Immunohistochemistry Market, By End User:
o Hospitals & Diagnostic Laboratories
o Research Institutes
o Others
- Immunohistochemistry Market, By Region:
o North America
§ United States
§ Canada
§ Mexico
o Europe
§ France
§ United Kingdom
§ Italy
§ Germany
§ Spain
o Asia-Pacific
§ China
§ India
§ Japan
§ Australia
§ South Korea
o South America
§ Brazil
§ Argentina
§ Colombia
o Middle East & Africa
§ South Africa
§ Saudi Arabia
§ UAE
Competitive Landscape
Company Profiles: Detailed analysis of the major companies present in the Global Immunohistochemistry
Market.
Available Customizations:
Global Immunohistochemistry market report
with the given market data, TechSci Research offers customizations according
to a company's specific needs. The following customization options are
available for the report:
Company Information
- Detailed analysis and profiling of additional
market players (up to five).
Global Immunohistochemistry
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