Report Description

Forecast Period

2024-2028

Market Size (2022)

USD 1.6 Billion

CAGR (2023-2028)

7.28%

Fastest Growing Segment

 Static

Largest Market

North America


Market Overview

Global Heat Meter Market was valued at USD 1.6 Billion in 2022 and is anticipated to project robust growth in the forecast period with a CAGR of 7.28% through 2028. rising warming concerns have driven governments to incentivize citizens and industries to minimize and monitor their use of thermal energy in order to mitigate the consequences of climate change induced by human activity. Smart technologies are used to monitor energy consumption and increase their efficiency. Energy consumption includes not only electricity usage but also thermal usage. The thermal efficiency of systems is quite low, and hence, monitoring and control of thermal systems are essential. Thermal usage can be measured in British Thermal Units (BTU), Joules, or Kilowatt-hours. Heat meters are used to measure the thermal energy in modern structures. A heat meter is a device which measures thermal energy on the supply side or returns side of a heat-generating or heat exchanging device, by measuring the flow rate of the heat transfer fluid and the change in its temperature (ΔT) between the supply and return legs of the system. A heat meter consists of: a fluid flow meter, a means of measuring the temperature between the supply flow and the return flow, usually a pair of thermocouples and means of integrating the two measurements over a period of time - typically half an hour - and accumulating the total heat transfer in a given period.

Key Market Drivers

Heat meter is a device used to measure the amount of energy consumed in transferring hot fluids from one point to another. It is also known as thermal meters in the U.S. and BTU meters in the Middle East and Asia. Increasing awareness among the people, introduction of the advanced devices and strict regulatory laws for safety has boosted the growth of the market during the forecasted period. Manufacturing of the individual components including flow sensor, temperature sensor, and the calculator plays an important role in the value chain of heat meters. The sensor is the most important and sensitive part of the heat meter, and its manufacturing requires utmost care since the accuracy of the sensors has a direct impact on the value of the amount of heat consumed during the process. Increased demand for sub-metering, growing technological advancements in heat meters, and rising demand for safety features in industrial applications are expected to be the major factors contributing towards the growth of global heat meter market during the forecast period. Whereas, heat meters focused on the incorporation of smart technology in heat metering systems would offer better opportunities for the global heat meter market. For instance, smart metering allows bidirectional communication to the meter. The radio frequency (RF) technology used for deployment of smart wireless metering can improve its operational efficiency over long distances and terrains in the case of rural areas.

Remarkable Technological Advancements

In the past few years, the heat meter has undergone remarkable technological advancements. These technological innovations are primarily ascribed by the increasing consumer demand for highly durable products capable of providing better performance at a low cost. Additionally, the sensor used in heat meters has improved to a great extent. For instance, efforts are being undertaken for developing sensors capable of providing image-based sensing for monitoring surfaces and sensors, which can accurately measure fuel and oxidant compositional characteristics in industrial applications.Sub-metering or individual heat metering has been witnessing a considerable demand from the past few years to overcome incorrect billing caused due to the use of a single heat meter for recording the heat consumption of the entire building. The sub-metering involves installation of a separate heat meter for every household to ensure the recording of accurate heat consumption and generation of the exact amount of bill. Moreover, the governments of various nations have laid down policies to include individual heat meters for separate households to achieve energy efficiency, which is expected to raise the demand for heat meters further.

                         

 

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Key Market Challenges

Rising Demand for Energy Efficiency:

The global push for energy efficiency has propelled the demand for heat meters. These devices play a crucial role in measuring and monitoring energy consumption in heating systems, enabling users to optimize energy usage and reduce waste. Governments and organizations worldwide are increasingly implementing policies to encourage the adoption of energy-efficient technologies, thereby driving the growth of the heat meter market.

Expansion of District Heating Systems:

District heating systems, which involve centralized heating plants distributing heat to multiple buildings, have gained popularity as an efficient and sustainable solution. Heat meters are integral to these systems, providing accurate measurements of heat consumption in each building. The expanding urbanization and the need for environmentally friendly heating solutions contribute to the growing demand for heat meters in district heating projects.

Integration of Smart Technologies:

The incorporation of smart technologies into heat meters is a notable trend in the market. Smart heat meters enable real-time monitoring, remote data access, and advanced analytics, enhancing the efficiency of heating systems. The integration of Internet of Things (IoT) capabilities allows for seamless communication between devices, offering users greater control over their heating infrastructure.

Renewable Energy Integration:

The global shift towards renewable energy sources has influenced the heat meter market. Heat meters are essential in systems utilizing renewable energy, such as solar thermal and geothermal heating. Accurate measurement of energy consumption ensures the optimal utilization of renewable resources, aligning with sustainability goals.

Stringent Regulatory Standards:

Increasing awareness of environmental issues has led to the implementation of strict regulatory standards related to energy efficiency and emissions reduction. Governments and regulatory bodies worldwide are imposing guidelines that mandate the use of heat meters in various applications. Compliance with these standards is driving market growth and encouraging manufacturers to innovate and improve the performance of heat metering technologies.

Initial Cost and Installation Challenges:

One of the primary challenges facing the heat meter market is the initial cost associated with purchasing and installing these devices. While the long-term energy savings are substantial, the upfront investment can be a barrier for some consumers, especially in regions with limited financial resources.

Accuracy and Calibration Issues:

Accurate measurement is crucial for the effective operation of heat meters. However, issues related to calibration and accuracy can arise, impacting the reliability of the data collected. Maintaining calibration over the lifespan of the device is a challenge that manufacturers must address to ensure the credibility of heat metering systems.

The lack of standardized protocols for heat meters can lead to compatibility issues, especially in systems where various components are sourced from different manufacturers. Standardization efforts are underway, but achieving widespread compatibility remains a challenge that hinders seamless integration and interoperability.

Data Security and Privacy Concerns:

The integration of smart technologies introduces data security and privacy concerns. As heat meters become more connected and capable of transmitting sensitive data, ensuring robust cybersecurity measures becomes imperative to protect user information and prevent unauthorized access.

Despite the growing emphasis on energy efficiency, there is still a lack of awareness about the benefits of heat meters among consumers and businesses. Educational initiatives are essential to promote the advantages of heat metering in optimizing energy consumption and reducing environmental impact.

Advancements in Technology:

The future of the heat meter market is expected to witness significant technological advancements. Manufacturers are investing in research and development to enhance the accuracy, reliability, and functionality of heat meters. The integration of advanced sensors, communication protocols, and data analytics will further improve the performance of these devices. As developing regions focus on infrastructure development and sustainable practices, the demand for heat meters is likely to increase. Government initiatives, along with awareness campaigns, can drive the adoption of heat metering solutions in areas where energy efficiency is a priority.

Innovations in Data Analytics and Artificial Intelligence:

The incorporation of data analytics and artificial intelligence (AI) into heat metering systems will enable more intelligent and predictive energy management. AI algorithms can analyze historical data, weather patterns, and user behavior to optimize heating system performance and identify opportunities for energy savings. Collaboration between manufacturers, technology providers, and energy service companies will play a crucial role in addressing challenges and driving market growth. Partnerships can lead to the development of comprehensive solutions that address the diverse needs of consumers and industries.

Government Incentives and Policies:

Continued support from governments in the form of incentives, subsidies, and regulatory frameworks will be instrumental in promoting the adoption of heat meters. Financial incentives can help offset the initial costs and encourage businesses and consumers to invest in energy-efficient technologies.

Key Market Trends

Rise of Smart Heat Meters

A notable trend in the global heat meter market is the increasing integration of smart technologies. Smart heat meters leverage the power of the Internet of Things (IoT) to provide real-time data on energy consumption. These meters offer users the ability to monitor and control their heating systems remotely, optimizing energy usage and contributing to overall efficiency. The demand for smart heat meters is escalating as consumers seek more sophisticated and connected solutions for managing their energy consumption.

Expansion of District Heating Systems:

District heating systems, which involve centralized heating plants distributing heat to multiple buildings, have gained prominence as a sustainable and efficient solution. Heat meters play a pivotal role in these systems by accurately measuring the heat consumed by individual buildings. The expansion of urban areas and the increasing emphasis on eco-friendly heating solutions contribute to the growing demand for heat meters in district heating projects globally.

Growing Awareness of Energy Efficiency:

The global focus on energy efficiency is a driving force behind the increased adoption of heat meters. These devices play a crucial role in measuring and monitoring energy consumption in heating systems, enabling users to identify areas for improvement and reduce energy waste. Governments and organizations worldwide are implementing policies and incentives to encourage the use of energy-efficient technologies, fostering growth in the heat meter market.

Integration of Renewable Energy Sources:

The global shift towards renewable energy sources has a direct impact on the heat meter market. Heat meters are essential components in systems that utilize renewable energy, such as solar thermal and geothermal heating. Accurate measurement of energy consumption is crucial for optimizing the utilization of renewable resources, aligning with the broader goals of sustainability and environmental conservation.

Advancements in Sensor Technology:

The continuous evolution of sensor technology is a key trend in the heat meter market. Advanced sensors incorporated into heat meters enhance accuracy and reliability in measuring energy consumption. These sensors also contribute to the overall efficiency of heating systems by providing precise data, allowing users to make informed decisions about energy usage and maintenance.

Standardization and Compatibility Efforts:

The heat meter market is witnessing efforts towards standardization and improved compatibility. Standardized protocols are essential to ensure seamless integration of heat meters into diverse heating systems. Industry stakeholders are working towards establishing common standards, addressing interoperability issues, and fostering a more cohesive and interconnected market.

Increasing Emphasis on Data Analytics:

Data analytics is playing an increasingly vital role in the heat meter market. The large volumes of data generated by heat meters can be leveraged to gain insights into energy consumption patterns, identify trends, and optimize heating system performance. The integration of data analytics tools enables users to make data-driven decisions, leading to more efficient energy use.

Government Initiatives and Regulatory Support:

Governments globally are playing a significant role in shaping the heat meter market through initiatives and regulatory frameworks. Incentives, subsidies, and supportive policies are being introduced to encourage the adoption of heat meters. These measures not only drive market growth but also contribute to broader energy efficiency goals and environmental sustainability.

Focus on Cybersecurity in Smart Heat Meters:

With the increasing connectivity of smart heat meters, cybersecurity has become a crucial consideration. Ensuring the security and privacy of data transmitted by these meters is paramount to gaining consumer trust. Manufacturers are investing in robust cybersecurity measures to protect against potential threats and vulnerabilities in connected heat metering systems.

Innovations in User Interface and Experience:

User interface and experience are becoming key areas of innovation in the heat meter market. Manufacturers are designing intuitive interfaces that provide users with clear and actionable insights into their energy consumption. Improving the user experience contributes to increased consumer engagement and encourages more proactive energy management.

In conclusion, the global heat meter market is experiencing a dynamic phase of growth and innovation, driven by technological advancements, environmental imperatives, and changing consumer expectations. The integration of smart technologies, expansion of district heating systems, and a growing awareness of energy efficiency are among the prominent trends shaping the industry. As the market continues to evolve, stakeholders, including manufacturers, policymakers, and consumers, will play crucial roles in determining the trajectory of the heat meter market and its contribution to a more sustainable and energy-efficient future.

Segmental Insights

Type Insights

The Heat Meter Market segmentation, based on type includes mechanical, static. In 2022, static category is likely to remain the dominating technology type in the market. Because of considerable utilisation benefits such as accurate data measurement and adaptive and dependable operations, the adoption of effective and sustainable heat management systems that enable real-time data monitoring will drive the market for static heat meters. This technology also provides decreased energy consumption, dependable functioning, and automated billing systems. Consumers' strong preference for smart meters is projected to fuel demand for static heat meter technology.


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Regional Insights

The North American Heat Meter Market area will dominate this market, owing to National and international organisations, as well as governments from many countries, are increasingly conscious of the need to reduce overall fossil fuel usage and boost energy efficiency. The region's Heat Metre market is expected to increase favorably as a result of the increasing use of district energy services in North America over the last several years.Further, the major countries studied in the market report are The US, Canada, German, France, the UK, Italy, Spain, China, Japan, India, Australia, South Korea, and Brazil.

Recent Developments

  • In October 2022, Siemens has established a strategic cooperation with Volta Trucks, a Swedish electric commercial vehicle manufacturer, to deploy and scale eMobility charging infrastructure in order to ease the transition to fleet electrification.
  • In April 2021,Will.i.am and Honeywell worked on the Xupermask, a smart mask made of silicone and athletic mesh fabric that includes LED lighting, 3-speed fans, and noise-cancelling headphones.
  • In Aug 2019,Measurement Canada expects thermal energy metering to be regulated in the same way that gas and electricity are.

Key Market Players

  • Diehl
  • Danfoss
  • Landis+gyr
  • Litron
  • Honeywell Elster
  • Kamstrup
  • By Type
  • By Connectivity
  • By End-User
  • By Region
  •  
  • Mechanical
  • Static
  • Wired
  • Wireless
  • Residential
  • Industrial
  • Commercial
  • North America
  • Europe
  • South America
  • Middle East & Africa
  • Asia Pacific

 

 

Report Scope:

In this report, the Global Heat Meter Market has been segmented into the following categories, in addition to the industry trends which have also been detailed below:

·         Global Heat Meter Market, By Type:

o   Mechanical

o   Static

·         Global Heat Meter Market, By Connectivity:

o   Wired

o   Wireless

·         Global Heat Meter Market, By End User:

o   Residential

o   Industrial

o   Commercial

·         Global Heat Meter Market, By Region:

o   North America

§  United States

§  Canada

§  Mexico

o   Asia-Pacific

§  China

§  India

§  Japan

§  South Korea

§  Indonesia

o   Europe

§  Germany

§  United Kingdom

§  France

§  Russia

§  Spain

o   South America

§  Brazil

§  Argentina

o   Middle East & Africa

§  Saudi Arabia

§  South Africa

§  Egypt

§  UAE

§  Israel

Competitive Landscape

Company Profiles: Detailed analysis of the major companies presents in the Global Heat Meter Market.

Available Customizations:

Global Heat Meter Market report with the given market data, Tech Sci Research offers customizations according to a company's specific needs. The following customization options are available for the report:

Company Information

  • Detailed analysis and profiling of additional market players (up to five).

Global Heat Meter Market is an upcoming report to be released soon. If you wish an early delivery of this report or want to confirm the date of release, please contact us at [email protected]

Table of content

1.    Product Overview

1.1.  Market Definition

1.2.  Scope of the Market

1.3.  Markets Covered

1.4.  Years Considered for Study

1.5.  Key Market Segmentations

2.    Research Methodology

2.1.  Objective of the Study

2.2.  Baseline Methodology

2.3.  Key Industry Partners

2.4.  Major Association and Secondary Sources

2.5.  Forecasting Methodology

2.6.  Data Triangulation & Validation

2.7.  Assumptions and Limitations

3.    Executive Summary

4.    Voice of Customers

5.    Global Heat Meter Market Outlook

5.1.  Market Size & Forecast

5.1.1.    By Value

5.2.  Market Share & Forecast

5.2.1.    By Type (Mechanical, Static)

5.2.2.    By Connectivity (Wired, Wireless)

5.2.3.    By End-User (Residential, Industrial, Commercial)

5.2.4.    By Region

5.3.  By Company (2022)

5.4.  Market Map

6.    North America Heat Meter Market Outlook

6.1.  Market Size & Forecast

6.1.1.    By Value

6.2.  Market Share & Forecast

6.2.1.    By Type

6.2.2.    By Connectivity

6.2.3.    By End-User

6.2.4.    By Country

6.3.  North America: Country Analysis

6.3.1.    United States Heat Meter Market Outlook

6.3.1.1.        Market Size & Forecast

6.3.1.1.1.           By Value

6.3.1.2.        Market Share & Forecast

6.3.1.2.1.           By Type

6.3.1.2.2.           By Connectivity

6.3.1.2.3.           By End-User

6.3.2.    Canada Heat Meter Market Outlook

6.3.2.1.        Market Size & Forecast

6.3.2.1.1.           By Value

6.3.2.2.        Market Share & Forecast

6.3.2.2.1.           By Type

6.3.2.2.2.           By Connectivity

6.3.2.2.3.           By End-User

6.3.3.    Mexico Heat Meter Market Outlook

6.3.3.1.        Market Size & Forecast

6.3.3.1.1.           By Value

6.3.3.2.        Market Share & Forecast

6.3.3.2.1.           By Type

6.3.3.2.2.           By Connectivity

6.3.3.2.3.           By End-User

7.    Asia-Pacific Heat Meter Market Outlook

7.1.  Market Size & Forecast

7.1.1.    By Value

7.2.  Market Share & Forecast

7.2.1.    By Type

7.2.2.    By Connectivity

7.2.3.    By End-User

7.2.4.    By Country

7.3.  Asia-Pacific: Country Analysis

7.3.1.    China Heat Meter Market Outlook

7.3.1.1.        Market Size & Forecast

7.3.1.1.1.           By Value

7.3.1.2.        Market Share & Forecast

7.3.1.2.1.           By Type

7.3.1.2.2.           By Connectivity

7.3.1.2.3.           By End-User

7.3.2.    India Heat Meter Market Outlook

7.3.2.1.        Market Size & Forecast

7.3.2.1.1.           By Value

7.3.2.2.        Market Share & Forecast

7.3.2.2.1.           By Type

7.3.2.2.2.           By Connectivity

7.3.2.2.3.           By End-User

7.3.3.    Japan Heat Meter Market Outlook

7.3.3.1.        Market Size & Forecast

7.3.3.1.1.           By Value

7.3.3.2.        Market Share & Forecast

7.3.3.2.1.           By Type

7.3.3.2.2.           By Connectivity

7.3.3.2.3.           By End-User

7.3.4.    South Korea Heat Meter Market Outlook

7.3.4.1.        Market Size & Forecast

7.3.4.1.1.           By Value

7.3.4.2.        Market Share & Forecast

7.3.4.2.1.           By Type

7.3.4.2.2.           By Connectivity

7.3.4.2.3.           By End-User

7.3.5.    Indonesia Heat Meter Market Outlook

7.3.5.1.        Market Size & Forecast

7.3.5.1.1.           By Value

7.3.5.2.        Market Share & Forecast

7.3.5.2.1.           By Type

7.3.5.2.2.           By Connectivity

7.3.5.2.3.           By End-User

8.    Europe Heat Meter Market Outlook

8.1.  Market Size & Forecast

8.1.1.    By Value

8.2.  Market Share & Forecast

8.2.1.    By Type

8.2.2.    By Connectivity

8.2.3.    By End-User

8.2.4.    By Country

8.3.  Europe: Country Analysis

8.3.1.    Germany Heat Meter Market Outlook

8.3.1.1.        Market Size & Forecast

8.3.1.1.1.           By Value

8.3.1.2.        Market Share & Forecast

8.3.1.2.1.           By Type

8.3.1.2.2.           By Connectivity

8.3.1.2.3.           By End-User

8.3.2.    United Kingdom Heat Meter Market Outlook

8.3.2.1.        Market Size & Forecast

8.3.2.1.1.           By Value

8.3.2.2.        Market Share & Forecast

8.3.2.2.1.           By Type

8.3.2.2.2.           By Connectivity

8.3.2.2.3.           By End-User

8.3.3.    France Heat Meter Market Outlook

8.3.3.1.        Market Size & Forecast

8.3.3.1.1.           By Value

8.3.3.2.        Market Share & Forecast

8.3.3.2.1.           By Type

8.3.3.2.2.           By Connectivity

8.3.3.2.3.           By End-User

8.3.4.    Russia Heat Meter Market Outlook

8.3.4.1.        Market Size & Forecast

8.3.4.1.1.           By Value

8.3.4.2.        Market Share & Forecast

8.3.4.2.1.           By Type

8.3.4.2.2.           By Connectivity

8.3.4.2.3.           By End-User

8.3.5.    Spain Heat Meter Market Outlook

8.3.5.1.        Market Size & Forecast

8.3.5.1.1.           By Value

8.3.5.2.        Market Share & Forecast

8.3.5.2.1.           By Type

8.3.5.2.2.           By Connectivity

8.3.5.2.3.           By End-User

9.    South America Heat Meter Market Outlook

9.1.  Market Size & Forecast

9.1.1.    By Value

9.2.  Market Share & Forecast

9.2.1.    By Type

9.2.2.    By Connectivity

9.2.3.    By End-User

9.2.4.    By Country

9.3.  South America: Country Analysis

9.3.1.    Brazil Heat Meter Market Outlook

9.3.1.1.        Market Size & Forecast

9.3.1.1.1.           By Value

9.3.1.2.        Market Share & Forecast

9.3.1.2.1.           By Type

9.3.1.2.2.           By Connectivity

9.3.1.2.3.           By End-User

9.3.2.    Argentina Heat Meter Market Outlook

9.3.2.1.        Market Size & Forecast

9.3.2.1.1.           By Value

9.3.2.2.        Market Share & Forecast

9.3.2.2.1.           By Type

9.3.2.2.2.           By Connectivity

9.3.2.2.3.           By End-User

10. Middle East & Africa Heat Meter Market Outlook

10.1.             Market Size & Forecast

10.1.1. By Value

10.2.             Market Share & Forecast

10.2.1. By Type

10.2.2. By Connectivity

10.2.3. By End-User

10.2.4. By Country

10.3.             Middle East & Africa: Country Analysis

10.3.1.  Saudi Arabia Heat Meter Market Outlook

10.3.1.1.     Market Size & Forecast

10.3.1.1.1.         By Value

10.3.1.2.     Market Share & Forecast

10.3.1.2.1.         By Type

10.3.1.2.2.         By Connectivity

10.3.1.2.3.         By End-User

10.3.2. South Africa Heat Meter Market Outlook

10.3.2.1.     Market Size & Forecast

10.3.2.1.1.         By Value

10.3.2.2.     Market Share & Forecast

10.3.2.2.1.         By Type

10.3.2.2.2.         By Connectivity

10.3.2.2.3.         By End-User

10.3.3. UAE Heat Meter Market Outlook

10.3.3.1.     Market Size & Forecast

10.3.3.1.1.         By Value

10.3.3.2.     Market Share & Forecast

10.3.3.2.1.         By Type

10.3.3.2.2.         By Connectivity

10.3.3.2.3.         By End-User

10.3.4. Israel Heat Meter Market Outlook

10.3.4.1.     Market Size & Forecast

10.3.4.1.1.         By Value

10.3.4.2.     Market Share & Forecast

10.3.4.2.1.         By Type

10.3.4.2.2.         By Connectivity

10.3.4.2.3.         By End-User

10.3.5. Egypt Heat Meter Market Outlook

10.3.5.1.     Market Size & Forecast

10.3.5.1.1.         By Value

10.3.5.2.     Market Share & Forecast

10.3.5.2.1.         By Type

10.3.5.2.2.         By Connectivity

10.3.5.2.3.         By End-User

11. Market Dynamics

11.1.   Drivers

11.2.   Challenge

12. Market Trends & Developments

13. Company Profiles

13.1.             Diehl.

13.1.1. Business Overview

13.1.2. Key Revenue and Financials

13.1.3. Recent Developments

13.1.4. Key Personnel

13.1.5. Key Product/Services

13.2.             Danfoss.

13.2.1. Business Overview

13.2.2. Key Revenue and Financials

13.2.3. Recent Developments

13.2.4. Key Personnel

13.2.5. Key Product/Services

13.3.             Landis+Gyr.

13.3.1. Business Overview

13.3.2. Key Revenue and Financials

13.3.3. Recent Developments

13.3.4. Key Personnel

13.3.5. Key Product/Services

13.4.             litron.

13.4.1. Business Overview

13.4.2. Key Revenue and Financials

13.4.3. Recent Developments

13.4.4. Key Personnel

13.4.5. Key Product/Services

13.5.             Honeywell elster.

13.5.1. Business Overview

13.5.2. Key Revenue and Financials

13.5.3. Recent Developments

13.5.4. Key Personnel

13.5.5. Key Product/Services

13.6.             kamstrup.

13.6.1. Business Overview

13.6.2. Key Revenue and Financials

13.6.3. Recent Developments

13.6.4. Key Personnel

13.6.5. Key Product/Services

14. Strategic Recommendations

15. About Us & Disclaimer

Figures and Tables

Frequently asked questions

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The market size of the Global Heat Meter Market was USD 1.6 Billion in 2022.

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The Global Heat Meter Market was dominated by the static segment in 2022.

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The global push for energy efficiency has propelled the demand for heat meters. These devices play a crucial role in measuring and monitoring energy consumption in heating systems, enabling users to optimize energy usage and reduce waste.

down-arrow

Rising warming concerns have driven governments to incentivize citizens and industries to minimise and monitor their use of thermal energy in order to mitigate the consequences of climate change induced by human activity.

profile

Parvati Sharma

Account Manager BD
Press Release

Static segments are Expected to Dominate the Global Heat Meter Market

Nov, 2023

Rising warming concerns have driven governments to incentivize citizens and industries to minimize and monitor their use of thermal energy in order to mitigate the consequences of climate change indu