Forecast
Period
|
2025-2029
|
Market
Size (2023)
|
USD
29.61 Billion
|
Market
Size (2029)
|
USD
60.67 Billion
|
CAGR
(2024-2029)
|
12.53%
|
Fastest
Growing Segment
|
Retail & E-commerce
|
Largest
Market
|
North
America
|
Market Overview
The Global Business
Intelligence Market was valued at USD 29.61 Billion in 2023
and is predicted to experience robust growth in the forecast period with a CAGR
of 12.53% through 2029.
The global Business Intelligence (BI) market is
experiencing significant growth, driven by the increasing need for data-driven
decision-making, advancements in technology, and the rising adoption of
cloud-based solutions. Businesses across various sectors are increasingly
recognizing the value of leveraging BI tools to analyze vast amounts of data
and gain actionable insights that enhance operational efficiency, improve
customer experiences, and drive strategic initiatives. The proliferation of big
data and the Internet of Things (IoT) has resulted in an explosion of data
generation, making advanced analytics and BI tools essential for organizations
to remain competitive. Moreover, the integration of artificial intelligence
(AI) and machine learning (ML) into BI platforms is revolutionizing the way
businesses interpret data, offering predictive and prescriptive insights that
were previously unattainable.
Cloud computing plays a pivotal role in the BI
market's expansion, offering scalability, cost-effectiveness, and ease of
access. Cloud-based BI solutions enable businesses of all sizes to deploy
sophisticated analytics tools without the need for significant upfront
investment in infrastructure. This democratization of BI tools is particularly
beneficial for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), allowing them to
compete with larger organizations by making data-driven decisions.
Additionally, the mobile BI trend is gaining traction, with the increasing use
of smartphones and tablets enabling decision-makers to access real-time
analytics on the go, thereby enhancing agility and responsiveness.
The BI market is also witnessing robust growth due
to the rising demand for personalized customer experiences. Businesses are
leveraging BI tools to analyze customer data, understand preferences, and
deliver tailored offerings that enhance satisfaction and loyalty. In sectors
such as retail, healthcare, and finance, BI applications are proving
instrumental in optimizing supply chain operations, improving patient care, and
detecting fraudulent activities, respectively. Despite the numerous benefits,
challenges such as data privacy concerns, integration issues, and a shortage of
skilled professionals persist. However, continuous technological advancements
and increasing investments in BI solutions are expected to mitigate these
challenges, further propelling market growth. Overall, the global Business
Intelligence market is poised for substantial expansion, driven by
technological innovation and the ever-growing importance of data in strategic
business decision-making.
Key Market Drivers
Data-Driven Decision Making
The demand for data-driven decision-making is a
primary driver of the global Business Intelligence (BI) market. In today's
competitive business environment, organizations are increasingly relying on
data analytics to inform their strategies and operations. BI tools enable
companies to process vast amounts of data, extract actionable insights, and
make informed decisions quickly. This data-centric approach helps businesses
identify trends, forecast future outcomes, and uncover opportunities for growth
and improvement. The ability to access real-time data and generate detailed
reports empowers decision-makers to react swiftly to market changes and
customer needs, enhancing operational efficiency and competitive advantage.
Moreover, data-driven decision-making supports the identification of key
performance indicators (KPIs) and metrics that are crucial for measuring
success and achieving business objectives. As more organizations recognize the
strategic value of leveraging data for decision-making, the adoption of BI
solutions continues to rise, fueling market growth.
Technological Advancements
Technological advancements are significantly
propelling the growth of the global BI market. Innovations in artificial
intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), and big data analytics are
transforming BI tools, making them more powerful and user-friendly. AI and ML
algorithms enhance the capabilities of BI platforms by enabling advanced data
analysis, predictive analytics, and automated insights. These technologies
allow businesses to uncover patterns and correlations that were previously
hidden, providing deeper insights and more accurate forecasts. Additionally,
the integration of natural language processing (NLP) and conversational
interfaces simplifies the interaction with BI tools, making them accessible to
non-technical users. Furthermore, advancements in data visualization techniques
enable more intuitive and interactive dashboards, helping users easily
interpret complex data sets. Cloud computing also plays a critical role,
offering scalable and cost-effective BI solutions that can be accessed from anywhere.
As technology continues to evolve, it drives the adoption of BI tools,
expanding their application across various industries and enhancing their value
proposition.
Rising Adoption of Cloud-Based Solutions
The increasing adoption of cloud-based BI solutions
is a significant driver of market growth. Cloud computing offers numerous
advantages, including scalability, flexibility, and cost-efficiency, which make
BI tools accessible to businesses of all sizes. Cloud-based BI solutions
eliminate the need for substantial upfront investments in hardware and
infrastructure, reducing the financial barriers for small and medium-sized
enterprises (SMEs). These solutions provide easy deployment, automatic updates,
and seamless integration with existing systems, enhancing operational
efficiency and reducing maintenance efforts. Additionally, cloud BI enables
real-time data access and collaboration, allowing teams to work together
effectively, regardless of their location. The ability to scale resources up or
down based on demand ensures that businesses can handle varying data loads
without compromising performance. As more organizations migrate to the cloud,
driven by the need for agility and cost savings, the demand for cloud-based BI
solutions continues to surge, driving the overall growth of the BI market.
Increased Focus on Customer Experience
An increased focus on enhancing customer experience
is driving the adoption of BI tools across various industries. Businesses are
leveraging BI solutions to gain a deeper understanding of customer behavior,
preferences, and feedback. By analyzing customer data, companies can
personalize their offerings, improve service quality, and foster stronger
customer relationships. BI tools enable businesses to track and analyze
customer interactions across multiple touchpoints, providing insights into the
customer journey and identifying areas for improvement. This customer-centric
approach helps in developing targeted marketing campaigns, optimizing sales
strategies, and enhancing customer support. In sectors like retail, healthcare,
and finance, where customer satisfaction is critical, BI applications play a
crucial role in delivering tailored experiences that drive loyalty and
retention. As the importance of customer experience continues to rise,
organizations are increasingly investing in BI solutions to stay competitive
and meet evolving customer expectations.
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Key Market Challenges
Data Privacy and Security Concerns
One of the foremost challenges facing the global
Business Intelligence (BI) market is data privacy and security. As
organizations increasingly rely on BI tools to collect, store, and analyze vast
amounts of sensitive information, the risk of data breaches and cyberattacks
escalates. Companies must navigate stringent data protection regulations such
as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in Europe, the California
Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) in the United States, and other local laws, which
mandate rigorous data handling and security measures. Non-compliance can result
in hefty fines and legal repercussions, not to mention severe reputational
damage.
Moreover, the integration of BI systems with
various data sources, including cloud platforms, on-premises databases, and
third-party applications, creates multiple points of vulnerability. Ensuring
robust encryption, access control, and continuous monitoring across these
diverse environments is complex and resource-intensive. Data breaches can lead
to significant financial losses and undermine customer trust, making security a
top priority for businesses. Organizations must invest in advanced security technologies
and adopt comprehensive data governance frameworks to safeguard against these
threats. However, balancing the need for extensive data collection and analysis
with stringent privacy requirements remains a delicate and ongoing challenge
for the BI market.
Integration with Legacy Systems
Another significant challenge in the global BI
market is the integration of BI tools with existing legacy systems. Many
organizations operate with a patchwork of outdated IT infrastructures that were
not designed to handle modern BI applications. These legacy systems often lack
the interoperability and flexibility needed to seamlessly integrate with
advanced BI platforms, leading to data silos and fragmented information flows.
The process of integrating BI solutions with legacy
systems can be costly and time-consuming, requiring substantial investments in
middleware, custom coding, and IT expertise. Moreover, there is a risk of data
inconsistencies and inaccuracies during the integration process, which can
compromise the quality and reliability of the BI insights generated.
Organizations must undertake comprehensive data mapping and cleansing
initiatives to ensure that data from disparate systems can be accurately
consolidated and analyzed.
Additionally, legacy systems may not support
real-time data processing and analytics, which are crucial for making timely
and informed business decisions. Upgrading or replacing these systems with
modern, scalable solutions that can fully leverage the capabilities of BI tools
is often a necessary but challenging undertaking. The resistance to change from
within the organization, coupled with the high costs associated with
overhauling legacy systems, further complicates the integration process. As
such, businesses must carefully plan and execute their BI integration
strategies to overcome these hurdles and realize the full potential of their BI
investments.
Shortage of Skilled Professionals
The global Business Intelligence market is
grappling with a significant shortage of skilled professionals. As BI tools and
technologies become more sophisticated, the demand for experts who can
effectively deploy, manage, and interpret these systems has surged. However,
there is a notable gap between the available talent and the skills required to
meet the evolving needs of the BI industry.
BI professionals need a diverse skill set that
includes technical proficiency in data analytics, database management, and
software development, as well as strong business acumen to translate data
insights into actionable strategies. Additionally, expertise in emerging
technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), and
big data analytics is increasingly essential. However, the pace of
technological advancements often outstrips the ability of educational
institutions and training programs to equip individuals with the necessary
competencies.
Organizations face challenges in recruiting and
retaining qualified BI professionals, leading to increased competition for top
talent. This talent shortage can result in delayed project timelines,
suboptimal implementation of BI solutions, and underutilization of the full
capabilities of BI tools. Furthermore, the lack of skilled personnel can hinder
an organization’s ability to derive meaningful insights from their data,
impacting their decision-making processes and overall business performance.
High Implementation Costs
High implementation costs represent a substantial
challenge in the global Business Intelligence market. Deploying BI solutions
involves significant financial investments in software, hardware, and
infrastructure. Additionally, there are costs associated with data integration,
customization, and training personnel to effectively use these tools. For small
and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), these costs can be particularly
prohibitive, limiting their ability to leverage BI for competitive advantage.
The initial outlay for BI software licenses can be
substantial, especially for advanced analytics platforms that offer
comprehensive features and capabilities. Moreover, the need for robust IT
infrastructure to support BI applications adds to the financial burden. This
includes investments in servers, storage, networking equipment, and cloud
services, all of which must be scalable to accommodate growing data volumes and
user demands.
Customization and integration costs further inflate
the total expenditure. Tailoring BI solutions to meet specific business
requirements and ensuring seamless integration with existing systems often
require significant development efforts and specialized expertise. These
processes can be time-consuming and resource-intensive, leading to project
overruns and increased expenses.
Training and change management also contribute to
the high costs of BI implementation. Employees must be adequately trained to
use BI tools and interpret the insights generated, which involves both time and
money. Additionally, fostering a data-driven culture within the organization
may necessitate changes in workflows and business processes, further adding to
the overall cost.
While cloud-based BI solutions offer a more
cost-effective alternative by reducing upfront infrastructure investments, the
subscription-based pricing models can still be expensive over the long term. To
mitigate these challenges, organizations need to carefully evaluate their BI
needs, prioritize essential features, and adopt a phased implementation
approach to manage costs effectively
Key Market Trends
Integration of Artificial Intelligence and Machine
Learning in BI
The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and
machine learning (ML) into Business Intelligence (BI) platforms is transforming
the landscape of data analytics. Traditional BI tools focused primarily on
descriptive and diagnostic analytics, which explain what happened and why.
However, the infusion of AI and ML is pushing the boundaries toward predictive
and prescriptive analytics. Predictive analytics uses historical data to
forecast future trends and behaviors, while prescriptive analytics suggests possible
actions based on these predictions. This shift enables businesses to not only
understand past and present data but also to make informed decisions about the
future. AI-driven BI tools can automate data preparation, identify patterns,
and generate insights without manual intervention, significantly reducing the
time and effort required for data analysis. For instance, anomaly detection
algorithms can automatically identify outliers in financial transactions,
helping to detect fraud. Moreover, natural language processing (NLP) allows
users to interact with BI systems using conversational language, making
advanced analytics accessible to non-technical users. This democratization of
BI empowers a broader range of employees to leverage data in their decision-making
processes, fostering a data-driven culture within organizations. As AI and ML
technologies continue to advance, their integration into BI platforms is
expected to become more seamless and sophisticated, driving further innovation
and efficiency in data analytics.
Growing Adoption of Self-Service BI
Self-service Business Intelligence (BI) is gaining
traction as organizations seek to empower their employees with the tools
necessary to analyze data independently. Traditional BI systems often relied on
IT departments to generate reports and dashboards, creating bottlenecks and
limiting agility. In contrast, self-service BI tools enable end-users,
including non-technical staff, to access, analyze, and visualize data without
extensive IT involvement. This trend is fueled by the increasing availability of
user-friendly BI platforms that offer drag-and-drop interfaces, intuitive
dashboards, and interactive data visualization capabilities. By enabling
employees at all levels to perform their own analyses, organizations can foster
a more data-driven culture and enhance decision-making processes. Self-service
BI tools also promote faster and more flexible reporting, allowing users to
explore data in real-time and gain insights on demand. This agility is
particularly valuable in dynamic business environments where timely information
is crucial for maintaining a competitive edge. Additionally, self-service BI
reduces the burden on IT departments, freeing them to focus on more strategic
initiatives rather than routine data requests. As organizations continue to
recognize the benefits of empowering their workforce with self-service BI, the
adoption of these tools is expected to grow, driving significant changes in how
data is accessed and utilized across industries.
Rise of Cloud-Based BI Solutions
The rise of cloud-based Business Intelligence (BI)
solutions is a major trend shaping the global BI market. Traditional
on-premises BI systems require significant upfront investment in hardware and
infrastructure, along with ongoing maintenance costs. In contrast, cloud-based
BI solutions offer a more flexible and cost-effective alternative. These
platforms provide scalability, allowing organizations to adjust their resources
based on demand without significant capital expenditure. Cloud BI solutions also
offer enhanced accessibility, enabling users to access data and analytics tools
from anywhere with an internet connection. This is particularly beneficial for
organizations with distributed workforces or those that have adopted remote
working practices. Furthermore, cloud-based BI platforms often come with robust
security measures and regular updates, ensuring that organizations can leverage
the latest features and protections without additional effort. The ability to
integrate with various data sources, including other cloud services and
on-premises systems, further enhances the appeal of cloud BI. As businesses
continue to embrace digital transformation and seek agile, scalable solutions,
the adoption of cloud-based BI is expected to accelerate, driving significant
growth in the market.
Increased Focus on Data Governance and Security
As the volume of data generated by organizations
continues to grow, the importance of data governance and security in Business
Intelligence (BI) is becoming increasingly prominent. Effective data governance
ensures that data is accurate, consistent, and accessible while maintaining
compliance with regulatory requirements. In the context of BI, robust data
governance frameworks help organizations manage the quality and integrity of
their data, which is crucial for generating reliable insights. With the rising
concerns over data privacy and security breaches, organizations are placing
greater emphasis on implementing stringent data security measures. This
includes encryption, access controls, and regular audits to protect sensitive
information. The introduction of regulations such as the General Data
Protection Regulation (GDPR) in Europe and the California Consumer Privacy Act
(CCPA) in the United States has further highlighted the need for comprehensive
data governance and security practices. BI platforms are increasingly
incorporating features that support these requirements, such as data lineage
tracking, audit trails, and role-based access controls. By prioritizing data
governance and security, organizations can ensure that their BI initiatives are
both effective and compliant, fostering trust among stakeholders and minimizing
risks associated with data misuse.
Expansion of Embedded BI
The expansion of embedded Business Intelligence
(BI) is transforming the way organizations utilize analytics. Embedded BI
involves integrating BI capabilities directly into business applications,
workflows, and processes, providing users with real-time insights within their
existing tools and environments. This seamless integration enhances the user
experience by delivering relevant data and analytics at the point of
decision-making, without the need to switch between different systems. Embedded
BI supports a wide range of applications, from customer relationship management
(CRM) and enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems to specialized
industry-specific software. By embedding BI into these applications,
organizations can drive greater user adoption and leverage data more
effectively to optimize operations and improve outcomes. For example, sales
teams can access real-time sales performance metrics within their CRM systems,
enabling them to make data-driven decisions and respond to opportunities more quickly.
The growing demand for contextual and actionable insights is driving the
adoption of embedded BI across various industries. As technology continues to
evolve, the capabilities of embedded BI are expected to become more advanced,
offering deeper integrations and more sophisticated analytics features. This
trend is set to play a significant role in the future of BI, enabling
organizations to harness the full potential of their data.
Segmental Insights
Component Insights
Software segment dominates in the global Business Intelligence market
in 2023. The rapid pace of
technological advancements has significantly enhanced BI software capabilities.
Modern BI tools incorporate advanced technologies such as artificial
intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), and natural language processing
(NLP), enabling more sophisticated data analysis and visualization. These
innovations allow businesses to gain deeper insights, predict trends, and make
data-driven decisions with greater accuracy and speed. The continuous
improvement and integration of these technologies into BI software have made
them indispensable tools for organizations striving to stay competitive.
As businesses generate and collect vast
amounts of data, the need for efficient data analysis and reporting has grown
exponentially. BI software provides the necessary tools to process, analyze,
and visualize data, transforming raw information into actionable insights. This
capability is crucial for organizations seeking to optimize operations, enhance
customer experiences, and identify new business opportunities. The ability to
make informed decisions based on real-time data has become a strategic priority
for companies across various industries, driving the adoption of BI software.
The trend towards self-service BI has
further propelled the software segment's dominance. Self-service BI tools
empower non-technical users to access and analyze data without relying heavily
on IT departments. These user-friendly platforms typically feature
drag-and-drop interfaces, intuitive dashboards, and interactive data
visualization capabilities, making it easier for employees at all levels to
perform their analyses. This democratization of data access fosters a
data-driven culture within organizations, leading to more agile and informed
decision-making processes.
The rise of cloud-based BI solutions has
also played a significant role in the software segment's dominance. Cloud BI
platforms offer scalability, flexibility, and cost-efficiency, allowing
businesses to deploy and manage BI tools without the need for substantial
upfront investments in infrastructure. The accessibility of cloud-based
solutions enables organizations to leverage advanced analytics tools from
anywhere, facilitating collaboration and real-time data sharing among teams.
The ongoing shift towards digital transformation and remote work environments
has further accelerated the adoption of cloud-based BI software.
BI software's adaptability to various
industry-specific applications contributes to its widespread adoption.
Different sectors, such as healthcare, finance, retail, and manufacturing,
leverage BI tools to address their unique challenges and requirements. For
instance, healthcare providers use BI software to improve patient care and
operational efficiency, while retailers utilize it to enhance inventory
management and customer insights. The versatility and customization options
available in BI software make it an attractive solution for diverse industries.
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Regional Insights
North America dominates the global Business
Intelligence market in 2023. North
America, particularly the United States, boasts a highly advanced technological
infrastructure. This includes widespread high-speed internet access, robust
data centers, and cutting-edge cloud computing capabilities. Such an
infrastructure provides a solid foundation for the deployment and use of
sophisticated BI tools. Companies in this region can leverage high-performance
computing resources to handle big data analytics efficiently, which is crucial
for the effective utilization of BI solutions.
The adoption rate of BI tools among
North American enterprises is significantly high. Companies in this region have
a strong emphasis on data-driven decision-making, which drives the demand for
BI software. Organizations across various industries, including finance,
healthcare, retail, and manufacturing, rely heavily on BI tools to gain
insights from their data, optimize operations, enhance customer experiences,
and maintain competitive advantage. This widespread adoption is a key factor
contributing to North America's dominance in the BI market.
North America is a global leader in
technology innovation, with substantial investment in research and development
(R&D). The region's commitment to innovation is evident through the
presence of numerous tech hubs, such as Silicon Valley, which foster the
development of cutting-edge BI technologies. Venture capital firms and
investors in North America are also highly active in funding startups and
established companies that are driving advancements in BI, AI, and data
analytics. This continuous flow of investment fuels the growth and evolution of
the BI market.
The BI market in North America is
supported by a thriving ecosystem of vendors and tech companies. Major BI
software providers, such as Microsoft, IBM, Tableau, and SAS, are headquartered
in the region, offering a wide range of advanced BI solutions to meet the
diverse needs of businesses. Additionally, North America is home to numerous
startups and emerging companies that are innovating in the BI space, further
enriching the market with new products and services.
The regulatory environment in North
America also plays a role in the adoption of BI tools. Regulations such as the
Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) and the Health Insurance Portability and
Accountability Act (HIPAA) require organizations to maintain high standards of
data accuracy, transparency, and security. BI tools help companies comply with
these regulations by providing robust data management, reporting, and auditing
capabilities. The focus on data security and compliance drives the demand for
reliable and sophisticated BI solutions.
North America has a highly skilled
workforce with strong data literacy. The region's educational institutions
produce a large number of graduates with expertise in data science, analytics,
and information technology. This availability of skilled professionals enables
organizations to effectively implement and utilize BI tools. Moreover,
continuous professional development and training programs help ensure that the
workforce stays updated with the latest BI technologies and practices.
Recent Developments
- In April 2024, ThoughtSpot, a leading company in
AI-powered analytics, proudly announced its recognition as the 2024 Google
Cloud Technology Partner of the Year for Data – Business Intelligence.
Alongside this accolade, ThoughtSpot unveiled new integrations with Google's
Gemini models, designed to help organizations maximize the value of their
investments in the Google Cloud ecosystem. These integrations aim to enhance
team creativity and unlock new opportunities, enabling businesses to harness
the full potential of their data like never before.
- In June 2024, Databricks, a leading company in data
and AI, introduced Databricks AI/BI, a revolutionary business intelligence
product designed to democratize analytics and insights across all
organizational levels. This innovative solution aims to empower every employee,
regardless of technical expertise, to access, analyze, and derive actionable
insights from data. By integrating advanced AI capabilities with intuitive BI
tools, Databricks AI/BI transforms how businesses leverage data, fostering a
culture of data-driven decision-making and enhancing overall organizational
efficiency and effectiveness.
- In June 2024, Shiji launched new features for its Infrasys Cloud POS and Shiji Digital Dine platforms to enhance staff mobility, guest payments, and business intelligence. These updates aim to streamline operations and improve the overall dining experience. Staff can now manage orders more efficiently on mobile devices, while guests benefit from seamless payment options. Enhanced business intelligence tools provide valuable insights, enabling better decision-making and operational efficiency. Shiji's commitment to innovation continues to support the evolving needs of the hospitality industry.
Key
Market Players
- Microsoft Corporation
- Salesforce, Inc.
- SAP SE
- IBM Corporation
- Oracle Corporation
- QlikTech International AB
- SAS Institute Inc.
- Teradata Operations, Inc.
- Domo, Inc.
- ThoughtSpot Inc.
By Component
|
By Deployment Model
|
By User Type
|
By Functionality
|
By Industry Vertical
|
By Region
|
|
- On-Premise
- Cloud-Based
- Hybrid Model
|
- Business Users
- Data Analysts
- IT Professionals
|
- Data Warehousing
- Online Analytical Processing
- Online Analytical Mining
- Data Visualization
- Reporting
|
- BFSI
- Retail & E-commerce
- Manufacturing
- Healthcare
- Others
|
- North America
- Europe
- South
America
- Middle East & Africa
- Asia Pacific
|
Report Scope:
In this report, the Global Business Intelligence
Market has been segmented into the following categories, in addition to the
industry trends which have also been detailed below:
- Business Intelligence Market, By
Component:
o Software
o Services
- Business Intelligence Market, By Deployment Model:
o On-Premise
o Cloud-Based
o Hybrid Model
- Business Intelligence Market, By Functionality:
o Data Warehousing
o Online Analytical
Processing
o Online Analytical Mining
o Data Visualization
o Reporting
- Business Intelligence Market, By User Type:
o Business Users
o Data Analysts
o IT Professionals
- Business Intelligence Market, By Industry Vertical:
o BFSI
o Retail & E-commerce
o Manufacturing
o Healthcare
o
Others
- Business Intelligence Market, By Region:
o North America
§ United States
§ Canada
§ Mexico
o Europe
§ Germany
§ France
§ United Kingdom
§ Italy
§ Spain
o South America
§ Brazil
§ Argentina
§ Colombia
o Asia-Pacific
§ China
§ India
§ Japan
§ South Korea
§ Australia
o Middle East & Africa
§ Saudi Arabia
§ UAE
§ South Africa
Competitive Landscape
Company Profiles: Detailed analysis of the major companies present in the Global Business
Intelligence Market.
Available Customizations:
Global Business Intelligence Market report
with the given market data, Tech Sci Research offers customizations according
to a company's specific needs. The following customization options are
available for the report:
Company Information
- Detailed analysis and profiling of additional
market players (up to five).
Global Business Intelligence Market is an
upcoming report to be released soon. If you wish an early delivery of this
report or want to confirm the date of release, please contact us at [email protected]