Since COVID-19 pandemic, the EV segment gained fast acceptance, with increased interest, government incentives, and environmental factors being the dominant factors. While the exact favorability of EVs vary based on factors like region, government policies, and consumer preferences, combined international commitments prioritizing sustainability boosted EV adoption, globally.

While the above is true for the broader EV market that includes both 2W(two-wheelers) and 4W(four-wheelers), the consumer base of electric 2W market understands a different approach. Electric two-wheelers tend to appeal to consumers like students, urban commuters, delivery personnel, and individuals seeking affordable and efficient transportation options. Though electric two-wheeler market is a subset of the larger total EV market, the two segments target different needs and have unique challenges and opportunities.

Electric Two-Wheeler Infrastructure: On Scale with The EV Market

Although the infrastructure for electric two-wheelers (e-2W) is slowly catching up with the expansion of the EV 2-wheeler sector, there are still issues that need to be addressed. Some points to support the arguments are mentioned below:

• Battery Swapping (Progress and Challenges)

In some places, battery swapping stations have been considered as a suitable option. With this approach, customers may swap out discharged batteries for fully charged ones, thus cutting down on charging time. However, the infrastructure for the same needs to be standardized for use with all e-2W models, and the stations themselves must be established and maintained, along with the need to retain user trust and confidence.

• Infrastructure (Progress and Challenges) 

Locations around the globe are witnessing the installation of charging infrastructures for e-2W in urban areas and popular commuting routes. However, their numbers are not enough to keep up with the rising adoption of e-2W, which raises issues with accessibility and wait times.

• Government Incentives and Policies (Progress and Challenges)

Several governments, globally, have incentivized the adoption of e-2W and subsequent development of charging infrastructures. However, there is a need for uniform and comprehensive rules that encourage the infrastructure’s expansion due to the difference in the policies’ efficacy.

• Participation of the Private Sector (Progress and Challenges)

Private companies are recognizing the potential of charging infrastructure to complement the fast growth of the EV market and putting in investments for the same. However, continued investments are mandatory to scale up the infrastructure, ensuring its reliability and sustainability.

According to TechSci Research Report “Electric Two-Wheeler Market - Global Industry Size, Share, Trends, Opportunity and Forecast, 2016-2026, Segmented By Vehicle Type (Scooter/Mopeds, Motorcycle), By Range (Less than 50Km, 50-100Km, 101-150Km, Above 150Km), By Battery Capacity (<25Ah, >25Ah), By Battery Type (Lead Acid, Li-ion), By Region and Competition” Global electric two-wheeler market is anticipated to grow at a CAGR of 14.08% during the forecast period to reach USD26,476.81 million by 2026. Anticipated growth in the market can be attributed to growing fuel prices and surging initiatives of the government to escalate the acceptance of emission-free vehicles, including two-wheelers. Rapidly increasing urbanization, expanding charging infrastructure network, growing discretionary income are also driving the growth of the global electric two-wheeler market in the upcoming five years.

Private Sector’s Contribution in EV 2-Wheeler Charging Infrastructure Expansion

The involvement of private companies towards electric vehicle charging infrastructure is a crucial role. Their involvement can boost the growth of charging stations and assist in overcoming the obstacles to EV adoption. Let’s have a look on the “HOW” of it:

• Collaborative Partnerships in Strategic Locations

Private firms can engage with charging equipment manufacturers to design and install charging stations that cater to not only e-4W, but also e-2W. This demand includes fast charging in highways, workplaces, and urban areas in general.

• Smart Charging Solutions

Smart charging solutions reduce strain on the grid during peak hours, taking advantage of excessive power generation capacity at the required time. With significant investment capabilities of private companies in smart charging solutions, benefits like optimized energy usage, peak demand management and improved efficiency of the charging stations can be experienced on a larger scale.

• Investment in Rural Areas

Private companies like Entergy Arkansas, Francis Energy, etc., are focusing on building superchargers and multiple charging stations to improve access to charging infrastructures. Companies like Chargemaster, which is now owned by BP Chargemaster, have been working on improving charging infrastructure along rural areas and highways, thereby supporting long-distance EV travel, be it e-2W or e-4W.

Early-Stage Development of e-2W Charging Infrastructure: Catalysts and Constraints

For charging infrastructures to be compatible with various EV types, particularly two-wheelers, appropriate standardization is needed as it takes time to develop and apply suitable charging solutions, followed by regularized maintenance. Complementing the same, the initial investment needed to set up charging infrastructure is significant. Many countries are grappling with how to allocate funds and resources for the same.

Limited demand perception is yet another constraint to the development of e-2W charging infrastructure. In regions where EV adoption is low, there is a common perception among governments and investors that there isn’t enough demand. This belief may hamper the growth of charging networks, impeding the expansion of the EV market. Government agencies focus on allocating resources based on immediate needs, rather than anticipating the future demand of the EV two-wheeler and four-wheeler market. Governments, private businesses, and investors must concentrate on the EV market's long-term potential. Even though investments in charging infrastructure might not pay off right away, they can position stakeholders for expansion in the future.

Connector Types Influencing the Charging Speed of EV Two-Wheelers

Different connector types affect the charging speed of EV two wheelers differently, due to changes in power delivery capabilities, charging protocols, and the type of current (AC or DC) used for charging. Here is an overview of the same:

• Type 1 (SAE J1772) and Type 2 (IEC 62196-2):

For AC charging, several connector types are used. Although AC charging is typically slower than DC charging, it is suitable for overnight charging at home or at the office. Depending on the precise AC power level offered by the charging station and the car, charging speeds range from 3 kW to about 22 kW.

• CHAdeMO

DC fast charging is associated with CHAdeMO connection. The maximum charging speed offered by CHAdeMO charging stations is 50 kW. This enables quicker charging than is possible with regular AC power, making it appropriate for longer trips.

• GB/T (China National Standard)

GB/T connectors support both AC and DC charging and are widely used in China. However, charging speed may vary based on the vehicle’s compatibility with the connector type, along with the power level of the charging station.

• CSS (Combined Charging System)

CSS connectors are used for DC fast charging and come in both Type 1 and Type 2 variants. These stations can provide a range of charging speeds, from 50kW to over 350kW for the latest variants.

Charging speed is still an important factor to consider as the infrastructure for electric car charging develops. For a comprehensive charging ecosystem that serves the demands of both convenience and efficiency in the market for electric two-wheelers, manufacturers, charging station operators, and policymakers must consider the interaction between connection types, power outputs, and user needs.

The Landscape: THEN And NOW

In the beginning, when electric two wheelers were still a relatively new idea, EV charging infrastructure were a secondary consideration. There were only basic charging alternatives, which were sometimes restricted to homes and workplaces and relied on ordinary outlets for normal charging. There were few dedicated charging stations, and the lack of industry standards for connections and protocols further made compatibility difficult.

However, there has been a substantial shift in the modern times. With the global initiative towards sustainability and emission reduction, the focus on electric mobility has grown stronger. Electric two-wheelers have garnered notable attention, leading to a transformation in the charging infrastructure. The combination of public awareness initiatives and government incentives has driven the adoption of these vehicles. As a result, the charging infrastructure has evolved to encompass a wide range of choices, including both slow AC charging and fast DC charging. The public charging networks have emerged to provide various power capacities, catering to the diverse requirements of different vehicle types and charging preferences.

Among the most remarkable advancements is the rise of high-power DC fast charging stations, which have sparked a charging speed revolution. EV two-wheeler riders no longer face the need to wait for extended hours to attain a complete charge. Instead, they can now experience significant battery replenishment in a brief timeframe. This transformation has notably enhanced the practicality of longer commutes and intercity travel.

Companies responsible for manufacturing charging stations are carefully preparing for the projected increase in the use of electric bikes and scooters. These charging stations are now being made as city infrastructure’s setting, instead of standing alone, making it easier for riders to charge up.

• Proliferation of DC Fast Charging

The deployment of high-capacity DC fast charging stations is witnessing a substantial expansion, resulting in significantly reduced charging time for EV two-wheelers. These stations cater to swift top-ups, making them especially suitable for riders embarking on longer journey.

• Renewable Solution Integration

Certain charging stations are incorporating renewable energy sources like solar panels, etc., to power their operations. This alignment with sustainability goals complements the commitment towards electric mobility and environmental sustainability.

• Strides in Standardization

Efforts to standardize connector types and charging protocols have gained significant traction. Enhanced compatibility across diverse EV two-wheeler models and charging stations has effectively mitigated interoperability concerns.

• Urban Integration

Charging stations offer variable charging speeds, accommodating both AC charging and high-powered DC fast-charging. This diversity tends to cater to many users, from daily commuters to riders embarking on longer journeys, via their two-wheelers.

As technology evolves, future-proofing EV two-wheeler infrastructure is crucial. Companies are considering scalability, adaptability to new charging standards, and the incorporation of emerging technologies to ensure a lasting and relevant charging network. In essence, the EV two-wheeler infrastructure market is not just about charging vehicles; it represents a pivotal shift in the way we think about transportation, energy management, urban planning, and environmental responsibility. The innovations and developments within this market are contributing to the broader narrative of sustainable mobility and a greener future.

One of the aspects of this market's transformation lies in the harmonious synergy between public and private sectors. Governments around the world have recognized the urgency of transitioning to electric mobility and have extended their support through incentives, subsidies, and policy frameworks. Private companies, too, have risen to the occasion, investing in the establishment of charging infrastructure and forging collaborations to enhance accessibility and user experience.

Recent Developments

• Blink Charging Co., leading owner, operator, and provider of EV charging equipment and services announced its collaboration with 3 local companies, to extend its footprint for promoting electromobility in the region. This collaboration will strengthen the EV charging infrastructure across Costa Rica.
• In 2021, Siemens AG introduced its new public fast charger, Sircharge D. It is installed in highways, urban fast charging stations, city parking, shopping malls, etc.
• In September 2021, Royal Dutch Shell PLC announced to install 50,000 street EV charge posts in the UK by the end of 2025 through ubitricity, part of the Shell group, which is expected to increase the charging infrastructure in Europe.

Winding up

According to TechSci Research Report, “Electric Two-Wheeler Charging Infrastructure Market - Global Industry Size, Share, Trends, Competition, Opportunity and Forecast, 2016-2026, Segmented By Type (AC and DC), By Charging Mode (Plug-in and Wireless), By Installed Location (Residential and Commercial), By Connector Type (UK 3-Pin, Industrial Commando, Type 1, Type 2, CHAdeMO, and CCS), By Type of Charging (Slow and Fast), By Region” the global electric two-wheeler charging infrastructure market is anticipated to grow at a CAGR of 32.09% during the forecast period to reach USD 11,790.60 million by 2026. Anticipated growth in the market can be attributed to increasing public initiatives towards the usage of carbon-emission-free electric vehicles coupled with rising government support towards the deployment of two-wheeler charging infrastructure. Rapidly increasing urbanization and growing discretionary income are also driving the growth of the global electric two-wheeler charging infrastructure market in the upcoming five years.

In conclusion, the e-2W charging infrastructure landscape has made remarkable strides, driven by a convergence of factors and propelled by collaborative efforts. As the world continues to embrace electric mobility, the e-2W charging infrastructure stands as a cornerstone in reshaping transportation paradigms, fostering sustainability, and shaping a greener future.